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e. DALEN. LENS APPARATUS AND SIMILAR APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 4. 1915.

1,303,860. Patented May 20, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

INVENTOR 5. i/KW um ATTORNEY G. DALEN.

LENS APPARATUS AND SIMILAR APPARATUS.

' APPLICATION FILED FEB. 4. 1915.

Patented May 20, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR WITNESSES 04 919W BYM Z M ATTORNEY ATENT FI CE.

GUSTAF DALEN, OF LIDINGfiN, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN GASACCUMULATOR COMPANY, OF ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORA:

TION OF NEW JERSEY.

LENS API'ARATUS AND SIMILAR APPARATUS.

Application filed February 4, 1915.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GUs'rAF DALiiN, engineer, residing at Skarsiitra, Lidingon, Stockholm, Sweden, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lens Apparatus and Similar Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in lens and similar apparatus adapted to be employed on a buoy, vessel or other floating structure and has for its object to render the lens apparatus independent of the swinging and rocking movements of the buoy, vessel or other structure.

The invention consists in suspending a pendulum at a point or in a position upon the buoy, vessel or other floating structure where the rocking and swinging movements thereof are comparatively small, said pendulum being connected with the lens apparatus 'by means of any suitable transmission means so that saidapparatus will be held in a position of stable equilibrium.

Owing to its position the pendulum remains unaffected or practically unaffectedby the rocking and swinging movements of the buoy, vessel or other structure and as sumes and occupies a vertical position and by means of the said transmission means the said lens apparatus is held by the pendulum in a position which is independent of the rocking and swinging movements of the buoy, vessel or other-structure; that is to say, said lens apparatus is maintained in a substantially vertical position notwithstanding the rocking or swinging movementsof the buoy, vessel or other floating structure.

According to one constructional form of the invention the lens apparatus is suspended in or approximately in the horizontal plane of its own center of gravity, so as to obtain an indifferent position, but this is not necessary, as the lens apparatus may be suspended with'its center of gravity above or below the point or points'of suspension. For suspending the lens apparatus as well as the pendulum a so-called Cardanian suspension device may be used. A ball joint or a suspension by means of a pivot or thelike may also be used.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated certain forms of embodiment of my invention but it will be understood that changes in the design and in the construction Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 20, 1919.

Serial No. 6,181.

of details may be made within the scope of the claims without departing from my invention.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a View partly in vertical sect1on and partly in side elevation of a construction embodying my invention;

F 2 is atop plan view of the same;

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional View taken on the line 3.3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a view partly in vertical section and partly in side elevation showing a modified construction of apparatus embodying my invention;

Fig. 5 is a top plan View of the construction shown in Fig. t; and

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 66 of Fig. .4.

In Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawings, 1 designates a lens apparatus with its accompanying counter-weight, said apparatus accordmg to the construction shown being suspended by means of a so-called Cardanlan device in a frame 2 so that a horizontal plane through the centers of suspension thereof passes through or in proximity to the center of gravity of the lens apparatus.- For this purpose the frame 12 of the lens apparatus is provided with trunnions 3 by means of which the lens apparatus is movably supported on a frame 4 which in turn is movably supported by means of trunnions 5 on the frame 2 in a known manner. In a hori-- zontal plane through said trunnions or pivots of suspension 3 and 5 or in proximity to said plane the center of gravity of the lens apparatus 1 is situated so that the lens apparatus will assume an indifferent position. A pendulum 6 is suspended in a similar manner on a frame 9 by means of trunnions 7 projecting laterally from a central portion 8. By meansof trunnions 10 the frame 9 is suspended on the frame 2, the position of such suspension being coincidental with or in proximity to the center of the swinging and rocking movements of the buoy, vessel or other floating structure. Owing to this fact the pendulum 6 is practically unaffected by the rocking and swinging movements of the buoy, vessel or other floatingstructure. The portion 8 of the pendulum 6 is connected with the frame 12 of the lens apparatus by means of rods, bars, cords or the like 11 and the movable frame 9 is connected sponding frames.

with the movable frame 4: of the lens apparatus by means of rods, bars, cords or the like 11 The said connection is suitably made as shown on the drawings, that is to say, between the points 13 and 14 on the pendulum frame 8 and the points 15 and 16 on the lens frame 12. The points 13 and 14 on the one hand and the points 15 and 16 on the other hand are situated diametrically op- I posite one another and on diameters which are perpendicular to the diameters through the pivots of suspension 7 and 3 of corre- The connection of the frame 9 with the frame 1 is made in a similar manner between points 13 and ll 'on the pendulum frame 9 and the points 15 and 16 on the lens frame 4.

Having described the construction. shown in Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawings I shall now describe the modified construction shown in Figs. 4m 6 in which the transmission of the movements of the suspension frames of the pendulum 6 is effected by hydraulic or pneumatic means.

As in the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 3, 1 indicates the lens apparatus with the frames 12 and 1 which are suspended in such a manner that a horizontal plane through the trunnions 3 and 5 of suspension passes through the center of gravity of the lens apparatus or in proximity to the same. 6 designates the pendulum with the suspension frames 8 and 9 having the trunnions 7 and 10 by means of which the said frames are suspended. The position of suspension of the said frames is coincidental with or in proximity to the center of the rocking and swinging movements of the buoy, vessel or other floating structure. For transmitting the movements of the suspension frames 8 and 9 in relation to the buoy, vessel or other structure to the suspension frames of the lens apparatus a hydraulic or pneumatic device is provided in the construction or form illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. Said device consists of the diaphragm casings 17 and 18 and 19 and 20 interconnected in pairs, namely, the casings 17 with the casings 19, and the casings 18 with the casings 20, as illustrated on the drawing, by means of conduits 21 and 22. The casings are secured to frames 23 and 24 preferably constituting parts of the frame 2. The diaphragms of the diaphragm casings 17 are jointed to the pendulum frame 8 at the points 13 and 14 by means of links or bars 25, the opposite pointed or sharp ends of which engage V notches upon the suspension frame 8 and upon the diaphragms 17 which constitute seats for the said ends. In a similar manner the diaphragms of the casings 18 are connected with the pendulum frame 9 at the points 13 and 14: by means of bars 26. In the same manner the bars 27 connect the diaphragms of the diaphragm casings 19 with the lens frame 12 at the points 15 and 16 and the diaphragms of the casings 20 are connected with the lens frame 1 at the points 15 and 16- by means of bars 28. The diaphragm casings and the conduits are filled with air or gas or liquid. Instead of the diaphragm casings cylinders with pistons movable therein may be used.

By reason of the fact that the point or position of suspension of the pendulum 6 in both forms of construction is coincident with or is in proximity to the center of the rocking and swinging movements of the buoy, vessel or other floating structure it is apparout that the said pendulum is practically free from and independent of such rockin and swinging movements. The result of t is is that the pendulum, notwithstanding the rocking and swinging movements of the buoy, vessel or other floating structure, occupies at all times substantially a vertical position. On account of the connections as hereinbefore described between the pendulum and the lens apparatus the latter is also maintained in a substantially vertical position upon the buoy, vessel or other floating structure notwithstanding and independent of the rocking and swinging movements of the buoy, vessel or other structure.

Although as above indicated it is desirable that the point of suspension of the pendulum should be situated at or coincident with the center of oscillation of the rocking and swinging buoy, vessel or other structure or in proximity thereto, that is, at or coincidental with the center of the rocking and swinging movements thereof, yet I desire it to be understood that my invention is not thus limited because in practice good results may be obtained by suspending the pendulum at any place or position upon the buoy, vessel or other structure where the swinging movements thereof are small as compared with other portions thereof. In practice, the pendulum should be and will be suspended near as possible to the point or position upon the buoy, vessel or other floating structure where there is the least swinging or rocking movement because the essential idea is that the pendulum or equivalent device which is the means for controlling the lens apparatus and holding the same as nearly as possible in the buoy, vessel or other floating structure. Especially may this be done when a pneumatic or hydraulic transmission means is used.

I claim 1. In combination, a floating body, a device thereon to be held in a substantially vertical or upright position, a pendulum suspended from a point in or in proximity to the center of the rocking and swinging movements of said floating body whereby said pendulum does not respond to or follow such rocking and swinging movements, and means intermediate the said pendulum and the said device whereby the latter is held in substantially vertical or upright position.

2. In combination, a floating body, a lens apparatus supported upon said body, said apparatus including means for pivotally supporting the same, a pendulum, means for suspending the said pendulum at a point coincident with or in proximity to the center of the rocking and swinging movements of the said floating body, and means interposed between the said pendulum and the said lens apparatus whereby the position of the latter is controlled by the position of the said pendulum.

3. The combination of a floating structure, a pendulum suspended upon said structure the point of suspension of said pendulum being situated at or near the position upon said structure where there is the least swinging and rocking motion, whereby the said pendulum is substantially unaffected by the swinging and rocking motion of the said structure, a lens apparatus, and means interposed between the said apparatus and the said pendulum whereby the said lens apparatus is held in a substantially vertical position.

4:. The combination of a floating structure, a pendulum pivotally suspended upon said structure the point of suspension of said pendulum being situated at or in proximity to the center of the swinging and rocking movements of said structure, a lens apparatus pivotally supported upon said structure, and means whereby the said lens apparatus is held in a position with respect to a vertical line corresponding to the position of the said pendulum.

5. In combination, a lens apparatus, a Cardanian joint for supporting the same, a pendulum, a Cardanian joint for supporting said pendulum, and means arranged in pairs for connecting the parts of said Cardanian/ joints, for the purpose described.

6. In combination, a floating body, a device supported thereon to be sustained in a substantially vertical or upright position, a Cardanian joint for supporting said device, a pendulum suspended upon said body, the point of suspension of said pendulum being at a point coincident with or in proximity to the point upon said body where there is the least rocking and swinging movementwhereby said pendulum remains in a substantially stationary and vertical position, and connecting transmission means between the said pendulum and the said device whereby the latter is maintained in a substantially vertical or upright position notwithstanding the rocking and swinging movements of the body at the particular point where said device may be situated.

7. In combination, a floating body, a device pivotally supported on said body said device to be sustained in a vertical or upright position, a pendulum, means for suspending said pendulum said means being situated in or in proximity to the center of the rocking and swinging movements of said floating body, and transmission means in tersposed between the said suspension means and the said device whereby the position of the latter as to a vertical or upright line extending through the same is controlled by the said pendulum.

S. A lens apparatus, suspended in a Cardanian device, a pendulum, suspended apart from the lens apparatus in a Cardanian device, movable walls, connected with each of said Cardanian devices, and pipe connections between the casings of said movable walls.

9. In combination, a pivotally supported lens apparatus, a pendulum, fluid pressure actuated parts, mechanical connections between said pendulum and said parts which operate upon the changing of the angular 100 positions of said parts with respect to said pendulum to vary the pressur of the fluid upon said parts and thereby actuate the same, and connections between said parts and said lens apparatus.

10. In combination, a pivotally supported lens apparatus, a pendulum, fluid pressure actuated parts, link connections between said pendulum and said parts which operate upon the changing of the angular positions of said 110 parts with respect to said pendulum to vary the pressure of the fluid upon said parts and thereby actuate the same and link connections between said parts and said lens apparatus.

11. In combination, a lens apparatus, a Cardanian joint for supporting the said apparatus, a pendulum, a Cardanian joint for supporting the said pendulum, and means interposed between the said Cardanian joints 120 for holding the said lens apparatus in a substantially vertical or upright position, said means including fluid pressure actuated devices.

12. In combination, a pivotally suspended 125 body, a pendulum, closed fluid containing receptacles and mechanical connections intermediate the said receptacles and the said pivoted body and between the same and the said pendulum, substantially as described.

and connections between the said receptacles and the said body, substantially as described.

14:. The combination of a floating structure, a pendulum supported at or near the center of the rocking and swinging movements of said structure, a device situated a distance from said pendulum, means for pivotally supporting said device, said means being situated in or near a horizontal plane through the center of gravity of said device and transmission means between the said pendulum and the said device.

15. In combination, a pendulum, means for supporting said pendulum at or near the center of the rocking and swinging movements of a floating structure, a lens apparatus situated at a distance from said pendulum, means independent of the pendulum supporting means for supporting the said apparatus, said lens apparatus supporting means being situated in or near a horizontal plane through the center of gravity of said lens apparatus and transmission means intermediate the said pendulum and the said lens apparatus.

16. The combination of a floating structure, a pendulum pivotally supported upon said structure, a pivotally supported device situated a distance from said pendulum, a plurality of fluid holding chambers interposed between the said pendulum and the said device, said receptacles being connected in couples and one side of each of the receptacles being closed by a diaphragm, connections between the diaphragms of one of the receptacles of each of the said couples and the said pendulum and connections between the diaphragms of the other receptacle of each of the said couples and the said pivotally supported device, the said connectioi'is cooperating with the fluid pressure device for holding the said device in substantially fixed position with respect to the said pendulum.

17. In combination, a floating body, a device thereon to be held in-a substantially vertical or upright position, a pendulum supported from a point in or near the center of the rocking and swinging movements of said floating body, whereby said pendulum does not respond to or follow such rocking or swinging movements, and means comprising fluid pressure actuated means intermediate the said pendulum and the said device for maintaining the latter in substantial vertical or upright position.

18. In combination, a floating body, a lens apparatus supported upon said body, said apparatus including means for pivotally supporting the same, a pendulum, means for suspending the said pendulum at a point coincident with or near the center of the rocking and swinging movements of the said floating body and means comprising fluid pressure actuated means interposed between the said pendulum and the said lens apparatus whereby the position of the latter is controlled by the position of the said pendulum.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GUSTAF DALEN.

Witnesses FRANK LYON, ELIN WnHMAN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0. 

